Grafted lychee tree (Litchi chinensis) tropical live tree 2′-3′ feet tall

The grafted lychee tree, scientifically known as Litchi chinensis, is a tropical fruit tree prized for its juicy, sweet, and aromatic fruits. Native to southern China and Southeast Asia, the lychee is a member of the Sapindaceae family. Grafted lychee trees are favored over seed-grown trees because they produce fruit much sooner, maintain the desirable characteristics of the parent tree, and are generally more consistent in yield and fruit quality.

A grafted lychee tree is typically a medium-sized evergreen that can reach heights of 15 to 30 feet (4.5 to 9 meters), though it is often pruned to remain smaller for easier management. It has a dense, rounded canopy with shiny, dark green leaves that are pinnately compound, meaning each leaf is divided into several pointed leaflets. The tree produces clusters of small, greenish-white to yellow flowers in late winter or spring, followed by the formation of the fruit.

The fruit of the lychee is round to oval and about 1 to 1.5 inches in diameter. It has a thin, rough, red skin when ripe, which is easily peeled away to reveal translucent white flesh. The flesh is juicy, sweet, and floral, with a flavor often compared to a blend of grape, rosewater, and melon. Each fruit usually contains a single shiny brown seed.

Grafted lychee trees are best suited for warm tropical to subtropical climates and grow well in USDA hardiness zones 10 to 11. They prefer consistently warm temperatures between 70°F and 90°F (21°C to 32°C). While mature trees can tolerate short periods of light frost, young grafted trees are sensitive to cold and should be protected from frost or low temperatures.

The tree grows best in deep, well-drained, slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 5.0 to 6.5. It prefers loamy or sandy soils enriched with organic matter and requires good drainage to prevent root rot. Lychee trees do not perform well in saline or heavy clay soils. Full sun exposure is ideal for healthy growth and fruit production, although young trees may benefit from some shade during the hottest part of the day.

Grafted lychee trees need consistent watering, especially during dry periods and the flowering and fruiting stages. The soil should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. Deep watering once or twice a week is generally sufficient, depending on local conditions. Irrigation should be reduced in late fall and winter to help trigger flowering.

Fertilizing is important for the health and productivity of lychee trees. Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season—typically three times a year in spring, summer, and early fall. As the tree matures, switch to a formula higher in potassium and phosphorus to support fruiting. Organic compost, well-rotted manure, or mulch can be added around the base of the tree to improve soil structure and provide nutrients gradually.

Grafted lychee trees require occasional pruning to maintain shape, control size, and remove dead or crossing branches. Pruning is best done after harvesting to allow time for new growth before the next flowering cycle. Avoid heavy pruning, as lychee trees flower on the tips of new branches.

The tree is generally hardy but may face pests such as aphids, leaf miners, and mites. Birds may also be attracted to ripening fruit. Common fungal problems include anthracnose and root rot in poorly drained soils. Regular monitoring and good horticultural practices such as proper spacing, pruning, and avoiding overhead watering help reduce the risk of disease. Organic pest controls like neem oil or horticultural soap can be used if necessary.

Grafted lychee trees are propagated through air layering or grafting rather than from seed. Seed-grown lychee trees can take 8 to 10 years or more to produce fruit and often result in variable fruit quality. Grafted trees, by contrast, are clones of the parent plant and begin bearing fruit in as little as 3 to 5 years under good growing conditions.

The fruit is typically eaten fresh but can also be used in juices, desserts, jellies, and sauces. It is highly valued in Asian cuisine and is a popular ingredient in tropical fruit salads, smoothies, and even savory dishes. The fruit is rich in vitamin C, antioxidants, and other nutrients, making it both flavorful and healthy.

Grafted lychee trees are also appreciated for their ornamental value. With their attractive foliage, symmetrical form, and clusters of red fruit, they make an excellent addition to edible landscapes or tropical gardens.

These trees can be grown in large containers, especially during their early years or in regions with marginal climates. Use a well-draining potting mix and ensure the container has drainage holes. Container-grown lychee trees may require more frequent watering and feeding but benefit from the ability to be moved or protected during adverse weather conditions.